All Products

*Please note we can only ship RKI products to customers within the United States

VTS-L1232011106 Ventis MX4 Personal Gas Monitor, LEL (CH4), CO, H2S, O2, Li-ion Ext Range, No Charger, Pump, Orange, UL/CSA, Dutch by Industrial Scientific

The Ventis® MX4 is a four-gas monitor with the portability and size of a single-gas monitor. Eliminate the need for extra monitors and transition seamlessly from personal monitoring to confined space entry with the Ventis® Slide-on Pump— ideal for operators who wear their gas monitors primarily for personal protection but occasionally require a pump for confined space entries.

• Detect up to four gases with a wide range of sensor options
• Select alarm set points, set latch alarms, disable instrument shutdown while in alarm, and more
• Save time and reduce human error with maintenance and usage data available from iNet Control software
• Available with or without an integral pump, or with the Ventis Slide-on Pump for ultimate flexibility
• Non-pumped instruments compatible with 12-hour, 18-hour, or 20-hour batteries

The Ventis® Slide-on Pump

The Ventis® Slide-on Pump is ideally suited for operators who wear their gas monitors primarily for personal protection but occasionally require a pump for confined space entries. Available in black or safety orange and powered by its own battery, the slide-on pump is compatible with the Ventis MX4 and Ventis® Pro5 Multi-Gas Monitor.

• Convenient Sampling – Sample draw distance of up to 50 feet provides convenient sampling in a wide range of applications
• Easy to Attach – No tools are required to attach or remove the Ventis Slide-on Pump to or from the monitor
• Uses Same Batterys and Chargers as Ventis – Monitor and pump each use the same batterys, and can easily be exchanged between instruments
• Flexible Battery Options – Three available battery options make this pump extremely flexible in the field

93421 X-Cel LX 5mm Eyepiece by Celestron

Celestron X-Cel LX series eyepieces offer a 60° apparent field of view, perfect for the Moon, the planets, and a plethora of deep-sky objects. The premium six-element optical set is finished with multiple layers of high-transmission coatings for clear, sharp images. The edges of the optics are blackened for increased contrast. All seven X-Cel LX eyepieces sport 16 mm of comfortable eye relief, and are parfocal, which means you can switch out eyepieces within the series during observing sessions and little or no additional focusing will be required.

The X-Cel LX eyepiece body is made of black-anodized aluminum. The pop-up eyecups make it easy to adjust the height for different users. Turn them in one direction to extend the length, and the other direction to provide a flat surface, preferable to most eyeglass wearers. A treaded rubber grip around the center of the eyepiece barrel offers secure handling, even in moist conditions or with heavy gloves on. The 1.25" insert barrel is threaded to accept filters.

• X-Cel LX eyepieces, optimized for planetary viewing, offer a 60° field of view through a six-element fully multi-coated lens system.
• Pop-up rubber eyeguards provide comfort and increase contrast. Raise and lower with a simple twist.
• A treaded rubber grip offers a no-slip grip, even with gloves on.
• 1.25" barrels are threaded to accept filters.
• The Celestron X-Cel LX Series includes the following focal lengths in a 1.25" format: 2.3 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm, 18 mm, 25 mm

VP5-01632110111 Ventis Pro5 Personal Gas Monitor, CO, NH3, O2, Li-ion Extended Run Time Battery, Desktop Charger, Pump, Black, UL/CSA, LENS Wireless, English by Industrial Scientific

Detect up to five gases simultaneously with the rugged, wireless, Ventis® Pro5 Multi-Gas Monitor. With Ventis Pro5, safety goes beyond the gas detector whether you need team-based alarm sharing, remote monitoring with location details, or both. The monitor is also backed by a Guaranteed for Life™ warranty.

• Eliminate the need for two pieces of equipment by using Ventis Pro5 for personal monitoring and confined space entry.
• Train workers on one, multi-purpose gas monitor and reduce the risk and investment of having different devices in the field.
• Improve team and site safety by locally sharing alarms and gas readings between wirelessly connected Ventis Pro5 monitors.
• Get real-time location and alarm data directly from Ventis Pro5 gas monitors to a designated safety contact with the optional cellular or wi-fi battery pack.
• Reinforce safe behavior with programmable alarm action messages like "EVACUATE" or "VENTILATE" based on alarm level.
• Simplify the user experience with the ability to hide unnecessary screens based on user needs, role, industry, or site.

3807-050 EC 38 Fixed Transmitter with Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) Sensor, 0.1 ppm Resolution, 0 - 50.0 ppm Range by GfG

The EC 38 transmitter uses advanced technology for the detection of toxic gases and oxygen levels. It is available in the standard version with horn strobe or with a stack light. This monitor has a NEMA 4X enclosure that makes the EC 38 suitable for the harshest environments.

Simple and effective

Once you power up the units, they will accurately display values on the large LCD and transmit a linear 4-20 mA signal to a GfG controller. Autocal® automatic calibration and maintenance is done effortlessly through push buttons. Smart sensors allow the user to easily change ranges or gas types in the field without a need for additional programming.

• Advanced transmitter for oxygen and a wide selection of toxic gases
• 24 VDC
• Available with stack light or standard version with horn strobe
• AutoCal® automatic calibration
• Alarm relays standard (low, high and fault)
• Linear 4-20 mA output signal
• NEMA 4X housing

BZ1-0100001111 Radius BZ1 Area Monitor, CO, Pump, UL/CSA, LENS Wireless, English by Industrial Scientific

When it comes to choosing equipment to protect your worksite from gas hazards, rely on the Radius® BZ1 Area Monitor. No other area monitor protects your workers longer in the field with less setup, user training, and time in the shop.

• Detect up to seven gases using 22 sensor options including PID
• Longest running area monitor with a typical run time of 7 days (168 hours)
• Extended Run Time Power Supply can extend battery to over 1 month
• Ultra-bright blue and red lights and attention-grabbing alarms with distinctive tones
• Audible alarms sound at 108 dB at 1 m to cut through high-noise environments
• Largest display of any area monitor on the market
• Intuitive text-based navigation and configuration
• Customizable alarm action messages such as "EVACUATE" or "VENTILATE"
• LENS™ Wireless enables communication between area monitors and Ventis® Pro5 personal monitors
• All-weather sensor deployment and 360-degree gas path for more accurate detection
• DualSense® Technology increases worker safety by using two sensors to detect the same gas

BZ1-LJJ79B0211 Radius BZ1 Area Monitor, LEL (Methane), CO/H2S (DualSense), Cl2, PH3, HCN, No Pump, ATEx/IECEx, LENS Wireless, English by Industrial Scientific

When it comes to choosing equipment to protect your worksite from gas hazards, rely on the Radius® BZ1 Area Monitor. No other area monitor protects your workers longer in the field with less setup, user training, and time in the shop.

• Detect up to seven gases using 22 sensor options including PID
• Longest running area monitor with a typical run time of 7 days (168 hours)
• Extended Run Time Power Supply can extend battery to over 1 month
• Ultra-bright blue and red lights and attention-grabbing alarms with distinctive tones
• Audible alarms sound at 108 dB at 1 m to cut through high-noise environments
• Largest display of any area monitor on the market
• Intuitive text-based navigation and configuration
• Customizable alarm action messages such as "EVACUATE" or "VENTILATE"
• LENS™ Wireless enables communication between area monitors and Ventis® Pro5 personal monitors
• All-weather sensor deployment and 360-degree gas path for more accurate detection
• DualSense® Technology increases worker safety by using two sensors to detect the same gas

BZ1-0250000202 Radius BZ1 Area Monitor, H2S, SO2, Without Pump, ATEX/IECEx, Non-wireless, French by Industrial Scientific

When it comes to choosing equipment to protect your worksite from gas hazards, rely on the Radius® BZ1 Area Monitor. No other area monitor protects your workers longer in the field with less setup, user training, and time in the shop.

• Detect up to seven gases using 22 sensor options including PID
• Longest running area monitor with a typical run time of 7 days (168 hours)
• Extended Run Time Power Supply can extend battery to over 1 month
• Ultra-bright blue and red lights and attention-grabbing alarms with distinctive tones
• Audible alarms sound at 108 dB at 1 m to cut through high-noise environments
• Largest display of any area monitor on the market
• Intuitive text-based navigation and configuration
• Customizable alarm action messages such as "EVACUATE" or "VENTILATE"
• LENS™ Wireless enables communication between area monitors and Ventis® Pro5 personal monitors
• All-weather sensor deployment and 360-degree gas path for more accurate detection
• DualSense® Technology increases worker safety by using two sensors to detect the same gas

GD-70D4H-CL2 GD-70D Smart Transmitter, 0-3.00 ppm chlorine, in NEMA 4X housing, with horn/strobe, 115/220VAC. by RKI Instruments

RKI Instruments has been making high quality gas detection and monitoring units for over 15 years. With an emphasis on safety and reliability, RKI Instruments excels at providing the best products in gas detection and sensor technology on the market. Every year, RKI strives to improve its product offering and scours the globe for the latest technologies and innovative designs. With the introduction of the GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector, employers and workplace safety managers can feel confident that they have purchased a reliable detector that is built to last.

GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector

The GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector is a new smart gas detection transmitter that monitors combustibles, oxygen, and a wide range of toxic gases. The unit can be used as a standalone device, integrated with other PLC systems, or integrated with RKI's Beacon series of single and multi-channel controllers. Its common platform integrates numerous detection methods and requires very little maintenance.

Exclusive Features

The plug and play intelligent sensors make for easy setup and calibration by internally retaining calibration and sensor data. This allows workers to replace sensors while in the field without the need to reprogram the equipment. For little maintenance and optimal reliability, the internal technology automatically adjusts for long-term zero and span drift. The pump flow is also self-tuning for low maintenance functioning. In general, the smart sensors use electrochemical cell detection, semiconductor detection, pyrolysis-particle detection, galvanic cell detection, and catalytic combustion detection.

The GD-70D Series features a large LCD display that easily reads all notifications and provides a color coded graph for alarm status (first and second alarms are red, and fault alarms are yellow). The LCD screen displays the pyrolyzer connection, gas concentration, detection unit of measurement, the detected gas, the maintenance status, sensor identification, the flow rate, a graph of gas concentration, error codes, and alarm points. All operational settings are completely user adjustable from the front panel. The unit also has a self-diagnosing function which detects sensor trouble and system failure. The Intelligent Gas Detector has a convenient troubleshoot feature through its firmware. This allows users to investigate and resolve their own equipment issues while minimizing maintenance costs.

Specifications

The Intelligent Gas Detector is a convenient size for workplace and wall space efficiency with dimensions of 2.8 D x 4.7 H x 5.9 D and weighs approximately 2 pounds. It can be mounted to a wall easily with a base plate and 2 or 3 screws. Sensor replacements and pump replacements can be performed quick and easily without tools.

*Please note we can only ship RKI products to customers within the United States

SD7500CD Universal Differential pH Probe by Sensorex

Differential sensors have longer working lifetimes

The differential design employs two glass electrodes, which record pH or ORP measurements differentially with respect to a third metal electrode. The reference cell of a differential sensor is actually a measuring electrode in a concentrated pH 7.0 buffer solution rather than a traditional silver/silver chloride reference. This type of reference cell resists contamination by the sample, improving measurement accuracy and extending sensor lifetime.

Save time and money with quick and easy maintenance

With differential technology, you won't have to replace the entire sensor after just a few months. Simply replace the salt bridge and refill the reference solution to keep your electrode working longer.

Don't want to replace your existing transmitter or controller?

These differential sensors employ a self-powered preamplifier, providing a combination sensor output for deployment flexibility with various transmitters and controllers.

Reliable performance in variable operating conditions

The differential design provides unsurpassed accuracy by virtually eliminating ground loops. Automatic temperature compensation ensures measurement accuracy in environments with rapid temperature changes. Durable Ryton® PPS body construction for extensive chemical compatibility.

Features:

• Employs differential measurement technique
• Buffered reference cell solution resists contamination
• Complete encapsulation protects internal electronics
• Superior accuracy through elimination of ground loops
• Chemically-resistant Ryton® PPS body
• Two year limited warranty

WS-240E 24" Aluminum Shutter by Schaefer

24" Schaefer economy aluminum shutters allow airflow in a single direction and are used as building air inlets to feed Schaefer exhaust fans, or on exhaust fans to prevent air entry when the fan is not operating.

Aluminum shutters are built tough for long life in the most demanding environments, all at an affordable price.

Features

• Constructed of heavy-duty brushed aluminum for corrosion resistance and greater durability
• Interlocking louvers for maximum weather protection and lightweight for high efficiency and easy installation
• Tie bar to eliminate shutter flapping
• Shutter motor kits available for automated opening/closing

MX6-M5H3N511 MX6 iBrid Multi-Gas Monitor, CH4(0-5%),SO2,CO/HIGH,O2,CH4(IR),LEM,P,E by Industrial Scientific

The MX6 iBrid® is more than an intelligent hybrid of Industrial Scientific's best monitoring technologies—it's the most adaptable six-gas monitor on the market. With hundreds of possible sensor combinations, and a robust list of available configuration settings, the MX6 iBrid is ready to monitor oxygen, toxic and combustible gas, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

As your work changes, so can your MX6 iBrid. It uses five sensor slots to detect up to six gases. Each of those sensor slots accepts a variety of sensors, which means you can use the instrument with a PID sensor one day and an infrared sensor the next. What's more, settings allow you to adapt the instrument's behavior for your application. If you need to use a benzene PID response factor for one application, and butadiene for others, the familiar menu structure will allow you to quickly change settings.

The rugged MX6 iBrid carries our Guaranteed for Life™ warranty and is compatible with DSX™ Docking Stations. With a DSX Docking Station, maintenance is simplified and data becomes more than a spreadsheet filled with logged readings. Proactively manage your gas detection fleet—track trends, know when instrument maintenance will be required, and understand how your MX6 iBrid instruments are being used.

• 24 "Plug-and-Play" field-replaceable sensors including PID and Infrared options
• Up to 6 gases monitored simultaneously
• Simple, user-friendly, customizable, menu-driven navigation
• Five-way navigation button
• Durable, concussion-proof overmold
• Optional integral sampling pump with strong 30.5 meter (100 feet) sample draw
• Full-color graphic LCD is highly visible in a variety of lighting conditions
• Powerful, 95 dB audible alarm

GD-70D4X-CO-02 GD-70D Smart Transmitter, CO, 0-75 ppm, in NEMA 4X Housing by RKI Instruments

RKI Instruments has been making high quality gas detection and monitoring units for over 15 years. With an emphasis on safety and reliability, RKI Instruments excels at providing the best products in gas detection and sensor technology on the market. Every year, RKI strives to improve its product offering and scours the globe for the latest technologies and innovative designs. With the introduction of the GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector, employers and workplace safety managers can feel confident that they have purchased a reliable detector that is built to last.

GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector

The GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector is a new smart gas detection transmitter that monitors combustibles, oxygen, and a wide range of toxic gases. The unit can be used as a standalone device, integrated with other PLC systems, or integrated with RKI's Beacon series of single and multi-channel controllers. Its common platform integrates numerous detection methods and requires very little maintenance.

Exclusive Features

The plug and play intelligent sensors make for easy setup and calibration by internally retaining calibration and sensor data. This allows workers to replace sensors while in the field without the need to reprogram the equipment. For little maintenance and optimal reliability, the internal technology automatically adjusts for long-term zero and span drift. The pump flow is also self-tuning for low maintenance functioning. In general, the smart sensors use electrochemical cell detection, semiconductor detection, pyrolysis-particle detection, galvanic cell detection, and catalytic combustion detection.

The GD-70D Series features a large LCD display that easily reads all notifications and provides a color coded graph for alarm status (first and second alarms are red, and fault alarms are yellow). The LCD screen displays the pyrolyzer connection, gas concentration, detection unit of measurement, the detected gas, the maintenance status, sensor identification, the flow rate, a graph of gas concentration, error codes, and alarm points. All operational settings are completely user adjustable from the front panel. The unit also has a self-diagnosing function which detects sensor trouble and system failure. The Intelligent Gas Detector has a convenient troubleshoot feature through its firmware. This allows users to investigate and resolve their own equipment issues while minimizing maintenance costs.

Specifications

The Intelligent Gas Detector is a convenient size for workplace and wall space efficiency with dimensions of 2.8 D x 4.7 H x 5.9 D and weighs approximately 2 pounds. It can be mounted to a wall easily with a base plate and 2 or 3 screws. Sensor replacements and pump replacements can be performed quick and easily without tools.

*Please note we can only ship RKI products to customers within the United States

BZ1-1500001101 Radius BZ1 Area Monitor, CO, SO2, With Integral Pump, UL/CSA, Non-wireless, English by Industrial Scientific

When it comes to choosing equipment to protect your worksite from gas hazards, rely on the Radius® BZ1 Area Monitor. No other area monitor protects your workers longer in the field with less setup, user training, and time in the shop.

• Detect up to seven gases using 22 sensor options including PID
• Longest running area monitor with a typical run time of 7 days (168 hours)
• Extended Run Time Power Supply can extend battery to over 1 month
• Ultra-bright blue and red lights and attention-grabbing alarms with distinctive tones
• Audible alarms sound at 108 dB at 1 m to cut through high-noise environments
• Largest display of any area monitor on the market
• Intuitive text-based navigation and configuration
• Customizable alarm action messages such as "EVACUATE" or "VENTILATE"
• LENS™ Wireless enables communication between area monitors and Ventis® Pro5 personal monitors
• All-weather sensor deployment and 360-degree gas path for more accurate detection
• DualSense® Technology increases worker safety by using two sensors to detect the same gas

TIP-AI-AA-002-ZZ TXgard IS+ Toxic Gas Detector with Display, Hydrogen Sulphide, 0-100ppm, Top Cable Entry, UL approval by Crowcon

TXgard-IS+ is a Intrinsically Safe (I.S.) toxic and oxygen gas detector with local LCD display. A wide choice of sensors are available for use in a variety of applications.

Features:

Non-intrusive calibration

• Calibration can be performed locally without the need for hot work permits
• Local display and buttons enable calibration without opening the junction box

Flexible output options

• A two-wire 4-20mA signal is provided
• The output can be forced up without applying gas to enable simple checking of control systems and alarms.

Rugged and reliable

• Constructed using highly durable GRP to provide good impact resistance
• Ingress protection to IP65 as standard, IP66 with accessory
• IEC61508 SIL compliant

VPX-K1232000G0C Ventis Pro Series, LEL (Pentane), CO, H2S, O2, Li-ion Ext Range, None, None, Black, China Ex, LENS Wireless, Chinese by Industrial Scientific

Detect up to five gases simultaneously with the rugged, wireless, Ventis® Pro5 Multi-Gas Monitor. With Ventis Pro5, safety goes beyond the gas detector whether you need team-based alarm sharing, remote monitoring with location details, or both. The monitor is also backed by a Guaranteed for Life™ warranty.

• Eliminate the need for two pieces of equipment by using Ventis Pro5 for personal monitoring and confined space entry.
• Train workers on one, multi-purpose gas monitor and reduce the risk and investment of having different devices in the field.
• Improve team and site safety by locally sharing alarms and gas readings between wirelessly connected Ventis Pro5 monitors.
• Get real-time location and alarm data directly from Ventis Pro5 gas monitors to a designated safety contact with the optional cellular or wi-fi battery pack.
• Reinforce safe behavior with programmable alarm action messages like "EVACUATE" or "VENTILATE" based on alarm level.
• Simplify the user experience with the ability to hide unnecessary screens based on user needs, role, industry, or site.

VTS-L1232021111 Ventis MX4 Multi-Gas Monitor, LEL (CH4), CO, H2S, O2, Li-ion Ext Range, No Charger, Pump with Conversion Kit, Orange, UL/CSA, English by Industrial Scientific

The Ventis® MX4 is a four-gas monitor with the portability and size of a single-gas monitor. Eliminate the need for extra monitors and transition seamlessly from personal monitoring to confined space entry with the Ventis® Slide-on Pump— ideal for operators who wear their gas monitors primarily for personal protection but occasionally require a pump for confined space entries.

• Detect up to four gases with a wide range of sensor options
• Select alarm set points, set latch alarms, disable instrument shutdown while in alarm, and more
• Save time and reduce human error with maintenance and usage data available from iNet Control software
• Available with or without an integral pump, or with the Ventis Slide-on Pump for ultimate flexibility
• Non-pumped instruments compatible with 12-hour, 18-hour, or 20-hour batteries

The Ventis® Slide-on Pump

The Ventis® Slide-on Pump is ideally suited for operators who wear their gas monitors primarily for personal protection but occasionally require a pump for confined space entries. Available in black or safety orange and powered by its own battery, the slide-on pump is compatible with the Ventis MX4 and Ventis® Pro5 Multi-Gas Monitor.

• Convenient Sampling – Sample draw distance of up to 50 feet provides convenient sampling in a wide range of applications
• Easy to Attach – No tools are required to attach or remove the Ventis Slide-on Pump to or from the monitor
• Uses Same Batterys and Chargers as Ventis – Monitor and pump each use the same batterys, and can easily be exchanged between instruments
• Flexible Battery Options – Three available battery options make this pump extremely flexible in the field

GD-70DEA-HCL-15 DO NOT USE - Smart transmitter, GD-70D, HCl(hydrogen chloride), 0-15 ppm, w/ESU-23E by RKI Instruments

RKI Instruments has been making high quality gas detection and monitoring units for over 15 years. With an emphasis on safety and reliability, RKI Instruments excels at providing the best products in gas detection and sensor technology on the market. Every year, RKI strives to improve its product offering and scours the globe for the latest technologies and innovative designs. With the introduction of the GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector, employers and workplace safety managers can feel confident that they have purchased a reliable detector that is built to last.

GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector

The GD-70D Series Intelligent Gas Detector is a new smart gas detection transmitter that monitors combustibles, oxygen, and a wide range of toxic gases. The unit can be used as a standalone device, integrated with other PLC systems, or integrated with RKI's Beacon series of single and multi-channel controllers. Its common platform integrates numerous detection methods and requires very little maintenance.

Exclusive Features

The plug and play intelligent sensors make for easy setup and calibration by internally retaining calibration and sensor data. This allows workers to replace sensors while in the field without the need to reprogram the equipment. For little maintenance and optimal reliability, the internal technology automatically adjusts for long-term zero and span drift. The pump flow is also self-tuning for low maintenance functioning. In general, the smart sensors use electrochemical cell detection, semiconductor detection, pyrolysis-particle detection, galvanic cell detection, and catalytic combustion detection.

The GD-70D Series features a large LCD display that easily reads all notifications and provides a color coded graph for alarm status (first and second alarms are red, and fault alarms are yellow). The LCD screen displays the pyrolyzer connection, gas concentration, detection unit of measurement, the detected gas, the maintenance status, sensor identification, the flow rate, a graph of gas concentration, error codes, and alarm points. All operational settings are completely user adjustable from the front panel. The unit also has a self-diagnosing function which detects sensor trouble and system failure. The Intelligent Gas Detector has a convenient troubleshoot feature through its firmware. This allows users to investigate and resolve their own equipment issues while minimizing maintenance costs.

Specifications

The Intelligent Gas Detector is a convenient size for workplace and wall space efficiency with dimensions of 2.8"D x 4.7"H x 5.9"D and weighs approximately 2 pounds. It can be mounted to a wall easily with a base plate and 2 or 3 screws. Sensor replacements and pump replacements can be performed quick and easily without tools.

*Please note we can only ship RKI products to customers within the United States

TDSNA1/G Conductivity Solution, 1000ppm/497.7uS, 1 Gal. by Sensorex

TDS/Conductivity instruments and sensors must be calibrated together. For a single-point calibration, select the one solution that approximates the expected conductivity or ppm level of total salts. Mixed Salt standards are the most frequently used in the field to sample naturally occurring water sources, boiler feed water, or cooling tower water. Typical river water, well water, or lake water sample will contain a mixture of several different salts. Sensorex Mixed Salt standards simulate a "Natural" mixture of common salt compounds found in these sources. Sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride salts are blended to provide a representative value. There are certain applications where Single Salt Solutions are preferred. NaCl Solution is routinely used to calibrate instruments measuring Sea Water or brackish water samples. Reagent grade salt and high resistivity DI water is compounded for accurate results. KCI Single Salt Solution may be used with conductivity meters that read directly in Siemens or Ohms. KCI (potassium chloride) is established as an international calibration standard for conductivity measurement. Choose the conductivity calibration solution that is right for your application. CA Residents: Prop 65 WARNING(S)